Requirement From Your End
You need to advise Mr. Joseph regarding this international business move and have to suggest any one from the following strategic business choices:
• Joint venture with a potential Pakistani business organization
• Direct ownership of the COPS Pakistan division
• BPO(Business process outsourcing)
Provide adequate justification (justification should be based on the factors like financial viability of the move, trade and commerce regulations for your chosen business mode in Pakistan, differences in cultures of Pakistan and USA, and finally the support from Pakistan government for your chosen business move) for your choice and the road map (which includes the steps necessary to start the business mode of your choice) to implement the chosen business mode and be concise and to the point.
Solution:
A joint venture is a business enterprise under-taken by two or more persons or organizations to share the expense and (hopefully) profit of a particular business project. “Joint ventures are not business organizations in the sense of proprietorships, partner-ships or corporations,” noted Charles P. Lickson in A Legal Guide for Small Business. “They are agreements between parties or firms for a particular purpose or venture. Their formation may be very informal, such as a handshake and an agreement for two firms to share a booth at a trade show. Other arrangements can be extremely complex, such as the consortium of major U.S. electronics firms to develop new microchips…. A joint venture is, in effect, a form ofpartnership that is limited to a particular purpose.” Joint ventures have grown in popularity in recent years, despite the relatively high failure rate of such efforts for one reason or another. Creative small business owners have been able to use this business strategy to good advantage over the years, although the practice remains one primarily associated with larger corporations.
Most joint ventures are formed for the ultimate purpose of saving money. This is as true of small neighborhood stores that agree to advertise jointly in the weekly paper as it is of international oil companies that agree to work together for purposes of oil and gas exploration or extraction. Joint ventures are attractive because they enable companies to share both risks and costs.
TYPES OF JOINT VENTURES.
Equity-based joint ventures benefit foreign and/or local private interests, groups of interests, or members of the general public. Under non-equity joint ventures (also known as cooperative agreements), meanwhile, the parties seek technical service arrangements, franchise and brand use agreements, management contracts, rental agreements, or one-time contracts, e.g., for construction projects. Participants do not always furnish capital as part of their joint venture commitments. There are, for example, non-equity arrangements in which some companies are more in need of technical services or technological expertise than they are capital. They may want to modernize operations or start new production operations. Thus, they limit partners’ participation to technical assistance. Such arrangements often include some funding as well, albeit limited.
Legal Structure of Joint Ventures
As Lickson observed in A Legal Guide for Small Business, joint ventures are governed entirely by the legal agreement that brought them into existence. “Unless the joint venture is formalized by creation of a corporation or partnership, it never ripens into a taxpaying, legal entity on its own. Instead, the joint venture functions through the legal status of the venture participants, known as co-venturers or venture partners,” Lickson wrote. “Since the joint venture is not a legal entity on its own, it does not hire people, enter into contracts, or have its own tax liabilities. These matters are handled through the co-venturers. Corporate law, partnership law, and the law of sole proprietorship do not govern joint ventures; contract law governs joint ventures.” And as Marc J. Lane noted in the Legal Handbook for Small Business, “since the venture ends at the conclusion of a specific project, issues of continuity of life and free transferability become moot.”
Benefits of Joint Ventures
Among the most significant benefits derived from joint ventures is that partners save money and reduce their risks through capital and resource sharing. Joint ventures also give smaller companies the chance to work with larger ones to develop, manufacture, and market new products. They also give companies of all sizes the opportunity to increase sales, gain access to wider markets, and enhance technological capabilities through research and development (R&D) underwritten by more than one party. Until relatively recently, U.S. companies were often reluctant to engage in research and development partnerships, and government agencies tried not to become involved in business development. However, with the emergence of countries that feature technologically advanced industries (such as electronics or computer microchips) supported extensively by government funding, American companies have become more willing to participate in joint ventures in these areas. In addition, both federal and state agencies have become more generous with their financial support in these areas. Government’s increased involvement in the private business environment has created more opportunities for companies to engage in domestic and international joint ventures.
You need to advise Mr. Joseph regarding this international business move and have to suggest any one from the following strategic business choices:
• Joint venture with a potential Pakistani business organization
• Direct ownership of the COPS Pakistan division
• BPO(Business process outsourcing)
Provide adequate justification (justification should be based on the factors like financial viability of the move, trade and commerce regulations for your chosen business mode in Pakistan, differences in cultures of Pakistan and USA, and finally the support from Pakistan government for your chosen business move) for your choice and the road map (which includes the steps necessary to start the business mode of your choice) to implement the chosen business mode and be concise and to the point.
Solution:
A joint venture is a business enterprise under-taken by two or more persons or organizations to share the expense and (hopefully) profit of a particular business project. “Joint ventures are not business organizations in the sense of proprietorships, partner-ships or corporations,” noted Charles P. Lickson in A Legal Guide for Small Business. “They are agreements between parties or firms for a particular purpose or venture. Their formation may be very informal, such as a handshake and an agreement for two firms to share a booth at a trade show. Other arrangements can be extremely complex, such as the consortium of major U.S. electronics firms to develop new microchips…. A joint venture is, in effect, a form ofpartnership that is limited to a particular purpose.” Joint ventures have grown in popularity in recent years, despite the relatively high failure rate of such efforts for one reason or another. Creative small business owners have been able to use this business strategy to good advantage over the years, although the practice remains one primarily associated with larger corporations.
Most joint ventures are formed for the ultimate purpose of saving money. This is as true of small neighborhood stores that agree to advertise jointly in the weekly paper as it is of international oil companies that agree to work together for purposes of oil and gas exploration or extraction. Joint ventures are attractive because they enable companies to share both risks and costs.
TYPES OF JOINT VENTURES.
Equity-based joint ventures benefit foreign and/or local private interests, groups of interests, or members of the general public. Under non-equity joint ventures (also known as cooperative agreements), meanwhile, the parties seek technical service arrangements, franchise and brand use agreements, management contracts, rental agreements, or one-time contracts, e.g., for construction projects. Participants do not always furnish capital as part of their joint venture commitments. There are, for example, non-equity arrangements in which some companies are more in need of technical services or technological expertise than they are capital. They may want to modernize operations or start new production operations. Thus, they limit partners’ participation to technical assistance. Such arrangements often include some funding as well, albeit limited.
Legal Structure of Joint Ventures
As Lickson observed in A Legal Guide for Small Business, joint ventures are governed entirely by the legal agreement that brought them into existence. “Unless the joint venture is formalized by creation of a corporation or partnership, it never ripens into a taxpaying, legal entity on its own. Instead, the joint venture functions through the legal status of the venture participants, known as co-venturers or venture partners,” Lickson wrote. “Since the joint venture is not a legal entity on its own, it does not hire people, enter into contracts, or have its own tax liabilities. These matters are handled through the co-venturers. Corporate law, partnership law, and the law of sole proprietorship do not govern joint ventures; contract law governs joint ventures.” And as Marc J. Lane noted in the Legal Handbook for Small Business, “since the venture ends at the conclusion of a specific project, issues of continuity of life and free transferability become moot.”
Benefits of Joint Ventures
Among the most significant benefits derived from joint ventures is that partners save money and reduce their risks through capital and resource sharing. Joint ventures also give smaller companies the chance to work with larger ones to develop, manufacture, and market new products. They also give companies of all sizes the opportunity to increase sales, gain access to wider markets, and enhance technological capabilities through research and development (R&D) underwritten by more than one party. Until relatively recently, U.S. companies were often reluctant to engage in research and development partnerships, and government agencies tried not to become involved in business development. However, with the emergence of countries that feature technologically advanced industries (such as electronics or computer microchips) supported extensively by government funding, American companies have become more willing to participate in joint ventures in these areas. In addition, both federal and state agencies have become more generous with their financial support in these areas. Government’s increased involvement in the private business environment has created more opportunities for companies to engage in domestic and international joint ventures.
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